Impacts of Overlay Topologies and Peer Selection on Latencies in IoT Blockchain
Koki Koshikawa, Yue Su, Jong-Deok Kim, Won-Joo Hwang, Zhetao Li, Kien Nguyen, and Hiroo Sekiya
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , vol.None, no.None, pp.None, May, 2026. [pdf document]

<Abstract>

The integration of blockchain with the Internet of Things (IoT) offers strong guarantees of data integrity and decentralized trust; however, latency remains a critical barrier to scalability. Under Ethereumfs default random peering, IoT deployments exhibit propagation delays ranging from 500 ms to 1000 ms, causing stale blocks and inconsistent state updates. This paper investigates the impact of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay topologies on latency performance and introduces a lightweight peer-selection algorithm, Dual Perigee, designed to jointly optimize transaction-oriented latency (TOL) and block-oriented latency (BOL). We first develop a method to construct canonical overlay configurations (i.e., Erd?s?R?nyi, Barab?si?Albert, and Random-Regular) and evaluate their influence on latency in a controlled IoT-blockchain environment. Experimental results reveal that static topologies fail to consistently minimize delay due to redundant message amplification and queuing effects. To address this, Dual Perigee extends the state-of-the-art Perigee algorithm by incorporating block propagation metrics into its scoring function while maintaining low computational overhead. In a 50-node Proof-of-Authority network emulated on MininetWifi, Dual Perigee reduces TOL by up to 54.7 % and BOL by 48.5% compared to Ethereumfs default peering, and outperforms Perigee by up to 23.4 % in BOL. These findings demonstrate that latency-aware peer selection is essential for achieving responsive and scalable IoT-blockchain systems under dynamic network conditions.